French Bacon Clowns BQ11

Web Lesson: Cloning in Focus
Genetic Science Learning Center
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/

Open the link and view each of the sections under "Cloning in Focus". For each section, answer the question.

What is Cloning?

1. Who is Dolly?

Dolly was a sheep in 1997, who was a clone of another sheep.

2. When a zygote divides into to separate cells, it is called:

Mitosis?

3. Somatic cells are also called...

...any cell in the body other than the two types of reproductive cells

4. In order to clone a gene, a gene is inserted into the

plasmid

5. In order to create an embryo from a somatic cell, the donor egg cell must have its ___________________ removed.

nucleus

Click and Clone

6. List all the materials needed to clone a mouse.

Microscope

Petri dishes

Sharp pipette

Blunt pipette

Chemical to stimulate cell division

7. Place the following steps in the correct order.

1. Isolate donor cells from egg donor and germ cell donor
2. Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell
3. Transfer the somatic cell nucleus into the egg cell
4. Stimulate cell division
5. Implant embryo into a surrogate mother
6. Deliver baby

8. There are two time gaps in the process of cloning. What are they? (ie. what do you have to wait for?)

You must wait for the egg cell and the DNA in the somatic nucleus to adjust to each other, and you must wait for the cell to divide a few times.

9. What color with the cloned mouse be? _____________ What is the name of this mouse?

The mouse is brown. It's name is Mimi

Why Clone?

10. Why is cloning extinct animals problematic?

To clone animals, there must be a well preserved DNA sample.

11. What are some reasons a person might want to clone a human?

Some people might want to revive a dead child or replace dead organs.

The Clone Zone

12. What animal was cloned in 1885? _______________________

Sea urchins

13. How did Spemann separate the two cells of the embryo of a salamander in 1902? _______________________

he used a hair from his baby son

14. The process of removing a nucleus is called ________________________

enucleation

15. In 1952, the nucleus of a tadpole embryo cell was placed into a donor cell. Did it work to clone the animal? ____________ yes

16. Can the nucleus of an adult cell be injected into an egg cell and produce a clone? ___________

yes

17. Why are mammals hard to clone? ______________________________________________

Mammals are hard to clone because their egg cells are smaller than other species.

18. What were the names of the first two cloned cows? _________________________________

The first two cloned calves were called Fusion and Copy

19. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed? ______________________

1995

20. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic) cell? ____________________________

Dolly the Sheep

21. What do scientists do to adult cells to make them "behave" like embryos? _____________________________________

Take out the nucleus and change the genetic information.

22. Transgenic, cloned sheep were used to produce what medical protein? ______________________________

a blood clotting protein

23. What is a stem cell? ________________________________________________

a stem cell is a cell that can develop into anything, skin cells, bone cells, etc.

Cloning Myths

24. Briefly describe in your own words, why CC the cat was not identical in color to Rainbow, even though she was a clone/

25. What is "nature vs nurture"?


The argument that while two people can be genetically identical, the epigenetic factors will always be different in some form.

Is it Cloning or Not?

26. For each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning)

NO Sperm taken from a mole goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop
YES A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into indivudal cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity.
NO A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother.
NO In vitro fertilization
YES Cell nuclei from an extinct wolly mammoth are placed into enucleated cow cells.



27. Define or describe each of the following processes (you may need to reset the Cloning or Not Screen)

Invitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization is the fusion of a father's sperm with a mother's egg, therefore allowing the child to be unique.

Embryo splitting

All of the original 16 cells came from a single somatic cell on a certain sheep embryo and were separated into different mother surrogates, resulting in cloning.

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

All of the offspring would be the same genetically because the cells have the same genes and will form an identical clone.

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer

Taking donor egg cells and fertilizing them with male sperm is not cloning because none of the offspring would be identical.

Artificial Insemination

Each sperm is different as well as each cow, and this results as not cloning because all the cows birthed are different.

What Are the Risks of Cloning?

28. What is one reason why cloning animals has such a high failure rate?

Sometimes the nucleus isn't compatible with the enucleated egg

29. What is a telomere and how does it affect cloned animals?

Telomeres are DNA sequences at each end of a chromosome. As cells divide, telomeres can become longer or shorter. This is what occurs with clones and their telomeres. They can become longer or shorter, such as Dolly the sheep.

What Are Some Issues in Cloning?

30. Pick one of the questions to ponder and ....ponder it. Write a brief essay on your thoughts and opinions.

Harvest of Fear

Activity 1: Should we Grow GM Crops?

1. What is a GM Crop.

A GM crop is a crop that has been genetically modified to look different or taste better in some way.

2. List 2 arguments FOR the growing of GM crops
1. What if you knew that proponents assert that GM foods will promise many health benefits?

2. What if you knew that GM patrons insist that farmers will reap great benefits from biotechnology?

3. List 2 arguments AGAINST the growing of GM crops.
1. What if you knew that detractors fear that GM foods might pose health risks for certain people?

2. What if you knew that many feel GM crop technology will hurt small farmers?

Activity 2: Engineer a Crop

4. Practice this simulation until you get the largest ears of corn. How many times did it take you?

It took me 3 times.

Activity 3: What’s for Dinner?

5. List two foods and desribe how they are being modified.

are being modified into edible vaccines for diseases such as polio... hepatitis.... there's really an endless selection. And this will all be edible, so that you won't have to use a needle, and that's always a nice feature.

is being modified to make the cheese-making process speed up. They are making wheat more digestible and they are making the vegetables on the pizza stay fresh longer in supermarkets.

Activity 4: Viewpoints

Do you think food should be labeled if it has been genetically modified? Why or Why not?

I don't really think it matters if it's labeled or not. It's food, and it really does say what's in it already in the ingredients section of the packaging. The producers of this food have a right to label it or not, so if they want to they will.

... Have a nice day!

Epigenetics

Epigenome

Visit the learn.genetics website and visit each of the following sections on the epigenome. Record your information in your genetics reflection blog.

IDENTICAL TWINS: PINPOINTING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON THE EPIGENOME

1. The environment they live in effects their epigenome, because if one is effected by one thing and one is affected by another thing, the result will be different. It's pretty much like this; change one thing change everything.

2. The way your parents treat you will affect your epigenome. Also, your diet will affect it, and your sleeping habits. Mostly just your habits in general.

3. An imprinted gene is an epigenetic tag that remains when the egg is fertilized and most of the epigenetic tags are removed.

YOUR ENVIRONMENT, YOUR EPIGENOME

I play a lot of video-games. If I did something else for fun like maybe exercise, then I might change my epigenome. I usually eat healthy but let's just say if I sat around eating chips all day rather than eating fruit, something bad might happen. I'll be okay for now, meanwhile back in the future I could be obese.

LICK YOUR RATS

1. The GR gene basically unwraps itself the more it receives nurture, so that it can be read.

2. In rats, being licked by the mother activates her pup's GR gene.

3. The GR gene basically unwraps itself the more it receives nurture, so that it can be read.

4. The rat nurturing example shows us how parental behavior can shape the behavior of their offspring on a biochemical level. If you are a very social person, then you will have good people skills and you'll deal better in certain situations. If you are an antisocial person then you will not do good in said situations and you will fail.

NUTRITION & THE EPIGENOME

1. If you spend your time eating cake and cookies and smoking cigarettes then you will be very different from a person who only eats carrots and beets. The person who eats healthier will be stronger and more able in certain areas. The person who eats unhealthy will probably die. It's true.

2. This is seen all over the world every day. If a mother does drugs while the baby is in the womb then the baby will be mutated and deformed. If the mother eats fruits and vegetables then the baby will be healthy.

EPIGENETICS & THE HUMAN BRAIN

1. If you spend your time eating cake and cookies and smoking cigarettes then you will be very different from a person who only eats carrots and beets. The person who eats healthier will be stronger and more able in certain areas. The person who eats unhealthy will probably die. It's true.

2. "This is seen all over the world every day. If a mother does drugs while the baby is in the womb then the baby will be mutated and deformed. If the mother eats fruits and vegetables then the baby will be healthy."--Derek Johnson

Cell Mitosis

(Also, Comic Sans MS is a little bit glitchy in blogger as it isn't supposed to be in said blogger)

1. Which stage does the following occur

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes:

Chromosomes align in center of cell:

Longest part of the cell cycle:

Nuclear envelope breaks down:

Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells: Interphase

Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles: Prometaphase

2. The colored chromosomes represent chromatids. There are two of each color because one is an exact duplicate of the other.

--How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis?

-- How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis?

--The little green T shaped things on the cell are:

-- What happens to the centrioles during mitosis?

3 . Identify the stages of these cells:

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